In APA style, only the first word of the title is capitalized, and there is no period after the URL. Wikipedia entries are generally in the forefront of any web research and can be great sources to get preliminary information on a topic and find reliable sources through their notes, references, external links and further reading sections. Great deals on gifts, crafts, party supplies, wrapping paper, greeting cards, stationery, office supplies & more. Download PDF. The kraft process, invented in the 1870s and first used in the 1890s, is now the most commonly practised strategy; one of its advantages is the chemical reaction with lignin produces heat, which can be used to run a generator. It can be used to make a wide range of products. Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia, created and edited by volunteers around the world and hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. In the TMP process, wood is chipped and then fed into steam-heated refiners, where the chips are squeezed and converted to fibres between two steel discs. The production and use of paper has a number of adverse effects on the environment. Paper recycling processes can use either chemically or mechanically produced pulp; by mixing it with water and applying mechanical action the hydrogen bonds in the paper can be broken and fibres separated again. Wikipedia allows multiple users to edit, and it is not safe to assume that the facts presented there … Cover stock is generally 68 lb, and 110 lb or more is considered card stock. Chemical pulping processes are not used to make paper made from cotton, which is already 90% cellulose. With almost twice the yield as chemical pulping, mechanical pulps is often cheaper. Paper at this point is uncoated. It was not until the introduction of wood pulp in 1843 that paper production was not dependent on recycled materials from ragpickers. [5] In the 19th century, industrialization greatly reduced the cost of manufacturing paper. [33], The paper pulp and print industries emitted together about 1% of world Greenhouse-gas emissions in 2010[34] and about 0.9% in 2012,[35] but less than screens: digital technologies emitted approximately 4% of world Greenhouse-gas emissions in the year 2019 and the number can be two times larger by the year 2025. Fakes, Forgeries and Trickery â Library and Archives Canada, "Paper Brightness, Whiteness & Shade: Definitions and Differences", Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry, Thirteen-minute video on modern paper production system, United Kingdom food labelling regulations, Automatic identification and data capture, Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging, Hazard analysis and critical control points, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paper&oldid=1007989863, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2017, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, ÐелаÑÑÑÐºÐ°Ñ (ÑаÑаÑкевÑÑа)â, Srpskohrvatski / ÑÑпÑкоÑ
ÑваÑÑки, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. a bad idea to cite an encyclopedia in academic research papers. Before the industrialisation of paper production the most common fibre source was recycled fibres from used textiles, called rags. Soda pulping is another specialty process used to pulp straws, bagasse and hardwoods with high silicate content. The Modern Language Association style has its own guidelines for citing Wikipedia as a source. As you pulled your article from Wikipedia, you simply need to write Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Abstract: We show that generating English Wikipedia articles can be approached as a multi- document summarization of source documents. They run perpendicular to the "chainlines", which are further apart. The use of non-acidic additives to make paper is becoming more prevalent, and the stability of these papers is less of an issue. Although paper was originally made in single sheets by hand, almost all is now made on large machinesâsome making reels 10 metres wide, running at 2,000 metres per minute and up to 600,000 tonnes a year. Once the water is forced from the sheet, a special kind of felt, which is not to be confused with the traditional one, is used to collect the water. Much of the early paper made from wood pulp contained significant amounts of alum, a variety of aluminium sulfate salt that is significantly acidic. Thin material for writing, printing, etc. Follow with a period. Hemp, or industrial hemp, is a variety of the Cannabis sativa plant species that is grown specifically for industrial use. Tunsch, Thomas: Museum Documentation and Wikipedia.de: Possibilities, opportunities and advantages for scholars and museums. Stationery Stores, Wedding Invitations, Gifts & More | Paper Source Also, even if you paraphrase, always cite the source at the end go your sentence in parenthesis. The rags were from hemp, linen and cotton. The stadium was designed by Arup and built by John Laing.The stadium was built for the 2002 Commonwealth Games at a cost of £110 million. This pulp is pressed into sheets of paper. Here they are: 1. [10] Although the word paper is etymologically derived from papyrus, the two are produced very differently and the development of the first is distinct from the development of the second. Gloss papers give the highest optical density in the printed image. Paper pulp can be bleached to make paper more white, and dyes can be added to make colored paper. And, because many Wikipedia entries contain thorough citations, they can be good starting points to find the original source materials you do want to use. Above all, make sure your teacher or professor will accept Wikipedia as a source, many of them will not. [7] Today this method is called deinking. [15] It is estimated that in 1986 paper-based postal letters represented less than 0.05% of the world's telecommunication capacity, with sharply decreasing tendency after the massive introduction of digital technologies.[15]. Continuous form paper (or continuous stationery) is cut to width with holes punched at the edges, and folded into stacks. Dioxins are highly toxic, and health effects on humans include reproductive, developmental, immune and hormonal problems. They are great places to start. The weight of a ream therefore depends on the dimensions of the paper and its thickness. It is a versatile material with many uses, including printing, packaging, decorating, writing, cleaning, filter paper, wallpaper, book endpaper, conservation paper, laminated worktops, toilet tissue, currency and security paper and a number of industrial and construction processes. Can I use other Wikis for my research paper? Somalia, officially the Federal Republic of Somalia, is a country in the Horn of Africa.It is bordered by Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti to the Northwest, the Gulf of Aden to the north, the Indian Ocean to the east, and Kenya to the southwest. Add the larger source. Worldwide consumption of paper has risen by 400% in the past 40 years[clarification needed] leading to increase in deforestation, with 35% of harvested trees being used for paper manufacture. A2 is half the size of a sheet of A1, and so forth. [30] The average office worker in the US prints 31 pages every day. Handmade paper similarly exhibits "deckle edges", or rough and feathery borders.[14]. A1 is half the size of a sheet of A0 (i.e., 594 mm à 841 mm), such that two sheets of A1 placed side by side are equal to one sheet of A0. If you pulled an article from the New York Times, you would write New York Times in italics after the article name. Mechanical pulping yields almost a tonne of pulp per tonne of dry wood used, which is why mechanical pulps are sometimes referred to as "high yield" pulps. In 1844, the Canadian inventor Charles Fenerty and the German F. G. Keller independently developed processes for pulping wood fibres. Paper made from bleached kraft or sulfite pulps does not contain significant amounts of lignin and is therefore better suited for books, documents and other applications where whiteness of the paper is essential. Modern paper is normally made from wood pulp. Paper is a thin nonwoven material traditionally made from a combination of milled plant and textile fibres. Many professors prefer that students cite primary sources. (ed. Preconsumer waste â This is offcut and processing waste, such as guillotine trims and envelope blank waste; it is generated outside the paper mill and could potentially go to landfill, and is a genuine recycled fibre source; it includes de-inked preconsumer waste (recycled material that has been printed but did not reach its intended end use, such as waste from printers and unsold publications). 1 was here. Although large amounts of electrical energy are required to produce mechanical pulp, it costs less than the chemical kind. For example, see the below sources from the Wikipedia article on Thermodynamics (Wikipedia, 2019d). Although the veracity of this story is uncertain, paper started to be made in Samarkand soon after. It was also one of the first plants to be spun into usable fiber 50,000 years ago. All paper produced by paper machines as the Fourdrinier Machine are wove paper, i.e. [13] Additives for sizing purposes may be mixed with it or applied to the paper web later in the manufacturing process; the purpose of such sizing is to establish the correct level of surface absorbency to suit ink or paint.